Common Pediatric Emergencies: How to Recognize and Respond

About 1 in 10 children experience a serious medical emergency before the age of 18. Children, as they should be, are playful and are exposed to various environments. Accidents are part and parcel of this colorful experience. However, some of these situations can be terrifying as parents, and knowing how to handle them can make you as parents feel relaxed and in control of the situation. 

In pediatric emergencies, timing and accurate response are critical. But how can you distinguish between a harmless issue and a life-threatening one? What steps should you take in the heat of the moment?  

Let’s break down the most common pediatric emergencies, understand the warning signs, and learn how to respond effectively. 

Recognizing and Responding to Common Pediatric Emergencies 

1. Fever Seizures 

Fever seizures, or febrile seizures, affect about 2-5% of children under 5. They occur when a child's temperature spikes rapidly. These seizures are often alarming to witness but are usually not harmful. Signs include uncontrollable shaking, loss of consciousness, and eyes rolling back. If your child experiences a febrile seizure, stay calm. Place them on a soft surface, ensure they are safe from injury, and time the seizure duration. If it lasts more than five minutes or if it’s their first seizure, seek medical help immediately. 

2. Choking 

Choking is a common and frightening emergency. It can happen quickly when a child swallows something they shouldn’t. Look for signs like difficulty breathing, coughing, or a high-pitched wheezing sound. If your child is conscious and coughing, encourage them to keep coughing forcefully as this may clear the blockage. If they’re unable to breathe, perform the Heimlich maneuver if you’re trained to do so. For infants, use back blows and chest thrusts. Always call emergency services if you’re unsure or if the obstruction doesn’t clear. 

3. Allergic Reactions 

Allergic reactions can range from mild to life-threatening. Symptoms might include hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing. In severe cases, a child may experience anaphylaxis, which requires immediate action. If your child has a known allergy, make sure you carry an epinephrine auto-injector and know how to use it. Administer the injector if signs of anaphylaxis appear and call for emergency assistance right away. 

4. Asthma Attacks 

Asthma attacks can be distressing, with symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. If your child has asthma, ensure they use their prescribed inhaler correctly. During an attack, have them sit upright and use their rescue inhaler. If their breathing doesn’t improve or if it’s their first severe attack, seek medical attention. 

5. Cuts and Wounds 

Kids are prone to minor cuts and scrapes. However, deep or large wounds require more care. If a wound is bleeding heavily, apply pressure with a clean cloth to stop the bleeding. For wounds that are deep or won’t stop bleeding, get medical help promptly. 

6. Burns 

Burns can vary in severity from minor to serious. For minor burns, run cool water over the area and cover it with a clean cloth. Avoid applying ice or ointments. For more severe burns, such as those covering a large area or causing blisters, seek immediate medical help. 

Stay Alert and Stay Informed to Keep Your Child Safe

Emergencies are never easy, especially when it involves a child. The key is preparation and knowing what to do when those critical moments arise. Familiarizing yourself with these common emergencies and having a plan in place can help you respond effectively when it counts. Remember, it’s always better to err on the side of caution and seek professional medical advice if you’re unsure about any situation.