7 Common Gastrointestinal Disorders and Their Symptoms
The digestive system is vital for absorbing nutrients and eliminating waste. When it malfunctions, it can cause discomfort or serious conditions. Millions suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, ranging from mild to severe. Many share similar symptoms, making early recognition crucial for timely treatment and preventing complications.
1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
What It Is: GERD occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. Over time, untreated GERD can lead to esophageal damage, ulcers, and even precancerous conditions like Barrett’s esophagus.
Symptoms:
- Persistent heartburn
- Acid regurgitation
- Chest pain, especially after eating
- Difficulty swallowing
- Chronic cough or sore throat
2. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
What It Is: IBS is a functional disorder affecting the large intestine, leading to abdominal discomfort and altered bowel habits. While the exact cause is unknown, IBS is often linked to stress, diet, and gut sensitivity.
Symptoms:
- Abdominal cramps
- Diarrhoea, constipation, or both
- Bloating and gas
- Mucus in the stool
3. Peptic Ulcer Disease
What It Is: Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or small intestine due to excessive acid or bacterial infection (H. pylori). Long-term use of painkillers like NSAIDs can also contribute to ulcers.
Symptoms:
- Burning stomach pain
- Nausea
- Loss of appetite
- Bloating
- Dark or bloody stools (in severe cases)
4. Celiac Disease
What It Is: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten triggers an immune response, damaging the small intestine. Over time, this can lead to nutrient malabsorption and various complications.
Symptoms:
- Chronic diarrhoea or constipation
- Abdominal pain and bloating
- Unexplained weight loss
5. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
What It Is: IBD is an umbrella term for chronic inflammatory conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions cause long-term damage to the digestive tract and may require lifelong management.
Symptoms:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Persistent diarrhoea
- Blood in the stool
6. Gallstones
What It Is: Gallstones are solid particles that form in the gallbladder, often made of cholesterol or bilirubin. While some gallstones remain asymptomatic, others can block the bile ducts, leading to severe pain and complications.
Symptoms:
- Sudden and intense pain in the upper right abdomen
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pain that radiates to the back or right shoulder
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
7. Lactose Intolerance
What It Is: Lactose intolerance occurs when the body lacks the enzyme lactase, leading to difficulty digesting lactose found in dairy products. It is not life-threatening but can cause significant discomfort.
Symptoms:
- Bloating
- Gas
- Diarrhoea
- Stomach cramps after consuming dairy
Recognizing Digestive Issues for a Healthier Future
The digestive system is essential for overall health, and ignoring gastrointestinal symptoms can lead to complications over time. Recognizing the signs of GI disorders early can prevent long-term damage and improve quality of life.
At Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital (KKCTH), their team of specialists is committed to diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal disorders with expert care, ensuring every patient receives the best possible support for their digestive health.
